Immigration | Extranjería
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SPANISH NATIONALITY | NATURALISATION
What is nationality?
It is the legal bond that links a person to a state, and it is both a fundamental right and a legal status.
What is naturalisation?
It is the process by which a foreign national (whether from an EU Member State or not) becomes a Spanish citizen.
According to Spanish law, Spanish nationality can be acquired in four ways: By choice. By letter of naturalisation. By residence. By possession of status.
The eligibility criteria for applying for Spanish nationality are very broad, with the particularity that persons aged 14 to 18 may apply with the exclusive assistance of their legal representative. All routes to naturalisation culminate in the applicant's registration in the Spanish Civil Registry. This registration allows the issuance of a Spanish identity card and passport.
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EU FAMILY VISA | EU FAMILY REUNION
Family members of EU citizens can obtain a visa allowing them to stay in the Schengen area for up to 90 days in any 180-day period. It also permits territorial and airport transit. Family members of EU citizens who wish to stay in Spain for more than 90 days must apply for a residence card from the competent authorities once they are in Spain.
Which family members are eligible for family reunification?
Those who are accompanying or wishing to reside with EU, EEA or Swiss citizens in Spain, and who fall into one of the following categories:
-Spouse, provided that no agreement or declaration of annulment of the marriage or divorce has been made.
-Partner with whom the spouse has a relationship similar to marriage and who is registered in a public registry established for this purpose in an EU, EEA or Swiss Member State, provided that such registration has not been cancelled.
- Direct descendants of EU citizens and their spouses or registered partners who are under the age of 21, or over the age of 21 and dependent or incapacitated.
- Direct ascendants and direct descendants of your spouse or registered partner who are dependent.
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ASYLUM, REFUGEE AND STATELESS STATUS
Refugee status is granted to any person who is outside the country of their nationality and is unable or does not wish to avail themselves of the protection of that country due to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opinion, membership of a particular social group, gender or sexual orientation. This also applies to stateless persons who have no nationality and are outside the country of their former habitual residence for the same reasons.
The right to subsidiary protection is granted to persons from other countries, as well as to stateless persons, who do not meet the requirements for asylum or refugee status. However, there are substantial grounds for believing that, if they were returned to their country of origin (in the case of nationals) or their previous habitual residence (in the case of stateless persons), they would face a real risk of one of the serious harms referred to. They cannot, or do not wish to, avail themselves of the protection of that country.
Applicants for international protection who are present in Spain shall be entitled to free medical and legal assistance, including help with submitting the application and support throughout the entire procedure, as well as access to an interpreter.
Submitting the application will lead to an assessment of the circumstances determining whether refugee status or subsidiary protection is granted.
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REQUEST AN APPOINTMENT WITH THE IMMIGRATION SERVICES | EXTRANJERÍA
Do you need to apply for or renew your residence permit, asylum or visa?
Keep an eye on the deadlines so you don't miss or delay your application, as you run the risk of losing your residence rights.
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REGULARISATION | ARRAIGO
TEMPORARY RESIDENCE PERMIT IN EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES: ARRAIGO
What is this permit for?
It can regularise the situation of a foreign national who does not currently have authorisation to remain in Spain.
Is this permit the same as arraigo? Yes.
This authorisation refers to arraigos, which can be social, family or work-related.
How do I know which arraigo to apply for?
You must check the requirements for each type of arraigo to determine which one to apply for.
Where do I apply for an arraigo permit?
You must apply directly to the Spanish Immigration Service.
Will this authorisation allow me to work?
In general, it will allow you to work in Spain, either as an employee or self-employed, depending on your application.
However, in exceptional cases, depending on the supporting documents provided, you may not be permitted to work.
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IDENTIFICATION DOCUMENTS: NIE | TIE | EUROPEAN CITIZENSHIP CERTIFICATE
The NIE (Número de Identidad de Extranjero) is a number assigned to all foreigners with legal matters in Spain. Anyone who needs to carry out a legal procedure in Spain must obtain one, regardless of whether they reside in the country. The NIE also serves as your Spanish tax identification number.
The TIE card is a card that all non-EU foreign residents must obtain if they are going to live in Spain for more than six months. You can only obtain a TIE Card if you are a resident of Spain and intend to live here for more than six months. Your NIE number will appear on it. Family members or dependants of EU passport holders receive a TIE.
The green card (NIE) for EU citizens is commonly known as the small green card issued to EU passport holders. The NIE card contains your Foreigner Identification Number but has no photo and must always be accompanied by your national ID to prove your identity.
EU citizens do not need a TIE.
The NIE is indispensable! You need this number for all legal and financial procedures, including tax returns, buying property, setting up a business, opening bank accounts and almost every other official form you fill out.
Bear in mind that tax registration is not always automatic when you obtain your NIE from the Spanish police, and you may need to activate it at the Tax Office.
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APPLICATION FOR RECOVERY OF LONG-TERM RESIDENCE STATUS
A foreign national who has held a long-term residence permit in Spain, who has been absent from the European Union for 12 consecutive months and/or who has obtained a long-term EU residence permit in another EU Member State, may recover their EU long-term residence permit provided that they have fulfilled the period of commitment not to return and have agreed to return voluntarily to their country of origin.
Similarly, a foreign national who has held an EU long-term residence permit in Spain, who has been absent from the EU for 12 consecutive months and/or who has obtained an EU long-term residence permit in another EU Member State, or who has remained outside Spain for more than six years, may recover their EU long-term residence permit.
In order to obtain a visa to recover a long-term or EU long-term residence permit, an application must first be processed to recover the permit.
Want to know how to recover your resident status?
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You can contact us by email at info@rapideimmigration.com
For emergencies, please contact us by telephone:
+33 06 05 86 08 56 - FRANCE | + 34 611 566 143 - SPAIN